Environmental impact

The main sources of atmospheric air pollution at the oil pumping stations of KazTransOil JSC are oil storage tanks, oil loading and discharge overpasses, oil heating furnaces, boiler houses. To a much lesser extent, the air is contaminated by treatment unit start-up/reception chambers, pump rooms, evaporation ponds, transport, welding stations, etc.
 
In order to prevent and reduce the negative impact on the atmospheric air, the Company conducts activities to reduce emissions of pollutants:

• prevent evaporation of oil through the installation of pontoons in the oil storage tank;
• reduction of hydrocarbon emissions by means of a gas equalisation system (tank farm, fuel tanks at petrol stations);
• optimisation of the combustion process in oil heating furnaces, water heating boilers.

Air Pollutant Emissions, tons

Indicator	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Air Pollutant Emissions	29 951	26 665	23 396	19 033	20 023

In 2022, total air pollutant emissions did not exceed the values of the established standards.
 

KazTransOil JSC understands the importance of ongoing measures to combat climate change and has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
 
Sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the Company are furnace oil heating, boilers, diesel power plants, welding machines, compressors, etc.
 
The calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and the preparation of the greenhouse gas inventory report are based on data provided by the Company's business units.

The greenhouse gas emissions (direct emissions), thousand tons CO2-EQ.

Indicator	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Direct greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 CH4 N2O)	164.7	163.9	158.1	160.5	198.5

At the Company's facilities, wastewater is discharged into evaporation ponds (evaporation fields), filtration fields, septic tanks, urban sewer networks.
 
When discharging pollutant effluents into evaporation ponds, filtration fields, emission standards are set in accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Code.
 
All business units of the Company that discharge to filtration fields and evaporation ponds have VAT projects approved by the authorised body for environmental protection and environmental emission permits.
 
Groundwater, surface water and wastewater are monitored with laboratory testing of water, and the degree of treatment of discharges is monitored to control environmental impacts.
 
Volume of wastewater discharges, thousand m³

Indicator	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total discharges	591.5	274.5	232	232	222

The Company pays special attention to the protection of water resources. The main factors affecting the condition of water bodies in the Company's production activities are the withdrawal of water resources for production and economic needs (water consumption) from surface water and artesian wells.

The key objectives of water resources management in KazTransOil JSC are:

• definition of the key principles of water resources management intended for mandatory application in all business units;
• ensuring continuous improvement of the process of water resources management;
• ensuring the involvement of stakeholders in the water management process.

Total amount of water withdrawn, thousand m³

Indicator	2018*	2019*	2020	2021	2022
Water intake volumes, including:	15 055	536	472	480	402

*The 2018 water consumption volumes are based on the operation of KazTransOil's Main Water Pipeline Division from January to June 2018.
** Since July 2018, this type of activity has been carried out by the Main Water Pipeline LLP.

Due to the introduction of the new Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1 July 2021, the Waste Management Rules at KazTransOil JSC were updated to establish requirements and distribute responsibility in the management of waste generated in the course of production activities.

Waste management refers to the operations carried out on waste from its generation to its final disposal.

The waste management operations include:

• accumulation of waste at point of generation;
• waste collection;
• waste transportation;
• waste recovery;
• waste disposal;
• auxiliary operations;
• conducting observation of waste collection, transport, recovery and/or disposal operations;
• maintenance activities for liquidated (closed, decommissioned) waste disposal facilities.

Total amount of waste generated, tons

Indicator	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Amount of waste, including:	42 219	53 524	44 055	81 191	19 350
oil-contaminated soil	36 870	42 477	32 992	65 839	11 801
oil mud	1 443	5 890	5 455	4 440	3 400
solid household waste	2 240	2 875	2 437	2 514	2 153
other waste	1 666	2 282	3 171	8 399	1996

In 2018, the Company's headquarters implemented the Green Office concept, which includes the installation of containers for separate waste collection (waste paper, glass, plastic, food waste) inside the building, the use of energy-saving light bulbs and the introduction of double-sided printing to save paper.

KazTransOil JSC is responsible for the conservation of land resources in the course of its operations and carries out land remediation and monitoring of soil contamination.

KazTransOil has made a commitment to reclaim land contaminated in the 1950s and 1960s. Currently, according to approved reclamation projects, step-by-step remediation of historically contaminated land is being carried out.

Reclamation of disturbed lands (historical pollution)

Indicator	2020	2021	2022
Reclamation of disturbed land (historical pollution), ha	4	8	2.264

In 2022, 2,264 ha of disturbed lands were rehabilitated. Work continues to restore historically contaminated land along the Uzen - Atyrau - Samara and Uzen - Zhetybai - Aktau main oil pipelines.
 

The following activities were carried out in the Company in 2020 in order to ensure the safety of production and increase the efficiency of production processes:

• in-line diagnostics of 1 415 km of main pipelines by such methods as calibration, profiling, in-line magnetic projectile, electromagnetic-acoustic conversion;
• elimination of 1 202 main pipeline defects (plan 1 202 defects);
• technical inspection of 7 main and 6 retaining pumps that have exceeded their normal service life;
• work on corrosion protection of tanks. In 11 tanks – internal corrosion protection;
•  technical diagnosis and expert examination of 3 oil heating furnaces.

According to the results of 2020, the Company has not detected any failures related to sudden complete or partial shutdown of the pipeline due to a breach of the leakproofness of the pipeline itself or to a stop and control fitting or blockage of the pipeline.
 

The Company continuously implements a number of activities aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment. The Company's costs of environmental protection consist of two parts:

• environmental charges for emissions of pollutants into the air, the content of pollutants in wastewater discharges and waste accumulation;
• costs of proactive environmental protection measures aimed at improving the environment.

 Environmental protection expenses, KZT mln

Indicator	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Current expenditure on environmental protection measures, incl:	1 232	2 277	1 316	2 194	1 432
- environmental charges	95.9	99.1	82	91	85